Country Details

Luxembourg

Western Europe, between France and Germany

Environment

Detailed information and insights

Environmental issues

air and water pollution in urban areas; soil pollution of farmland

International environmental agreements

Party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

Signed, but not ratified

Environmental Modification

Climate

modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

Land use

Agricultural land

51.7% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 23.8% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 0.6% (2023 est.)

Agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 27.1% (2023 est.)

Forest

34.5% (2023 est.)

Other

13.9% (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population

92.1% of total population (2023)

Rate of urbanization

1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

Total emissions

8.715 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From coal and metallurgical coke

75,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids

7.496 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From consumed natural gas

1.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

9.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Waste and recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually

490,300 tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled

42% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

Municipal

43.53 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Industrial

1.83 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Agricultural

490,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total renewable water resources

3.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Geoparks

Total global geoparks and regional networks

1

Global geoparks and regional networks

Mëllerdall (2023)