Country Details
Luxembourg
Western Europe, between France and Germany
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People and Society
Detailed information and insights
Population
Total
671,254 (2024 est.)
Male
338,702
Female
332,552
Nationality
Noun
Luxembourger(s)
Adjective
Luxembourg
Ethnic groups
Luxembourger 52.9%, Portuguese 14.5%, French 7.6%, Italian 3.7%, Belgian 3%, German 2%, Spanish 1.3%, Romania 1%, other 14% (2022 est.)
Note
note: data represent population by nationality
Languages
Luxembourgish (official administrative, judicial, and national language) 48.9%, Portuguese 15.4%, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) 14.9%, Italian 3.6%, English 3.6%, German (official administrative and judicial language) 2.9%, other 10.8% (2021 est.)
Religions
Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 70.6%, Muslim 2.3%, other (includes Buddhist, folk religions, Hindu, Jewish) 0.4%, unaffiliated 26.7% (2020 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
16.7% (male 57,921/female 54,484)
15-64 years
67.1% (male 231,214/female 219,497)
65 years and over
16.1% (2024 est.) (male 49,567/female 58,571)
Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio
46.6 (2024 est.)
Youth dependency ratio
23.2 (2024 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio
23.4 (2024 est.)
Potential support ratio
4.3 (2024 est.)
Median age
Total
40.1 years (2025 est.)
Male
39.4 years
Female
40.4 years
Population growth rate
1.26% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
9.24 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
6.66 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
10.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
most people live in the south, on or near the border with France
Urbanization
Urban population
92.1% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization
1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
120,000 LUXEMBOURG (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio
At birth
1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over
0.85 male(s)/female
Total population
1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
31 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
12 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate
Total
3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Male
3.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Female
2.8 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
Total population
83.4 years (2024 est.)
Male
80.9 years
Female
85.9 years
Total fertility rate
1.25 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.62 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
Improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: rural
rural: 98.6% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total
total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural
rural: 1.4% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total
total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.5% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
11% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
2.98 physicians/1,000 population (2017)
Hospital bed density
4.2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Sanitation facility access
Improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: rural
rural: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural
rural: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.6% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
Total
11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Beer
4.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine
4.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits
2.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
Total
21% (2025 est.)
Male
22.1% (2025 est.)
Female
19.9% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
51.1% (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
3.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
8.5% national budget (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Total
14 years (2022 est.)
Male
14 years (2022 est.)
Female
15 years (2022 est.)