Country Details
Poland
Central Europe, east of Germany
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Economy
Detailed information and insights
Economic overview
high-income, diversified, EU-member economy; significant growth in GDP, trade, and investment since joining EU in 2004; private consumption and EU-funded public investments driving GDP growth; increased social spending, flooding recovery costs, and defense spending have added to public debt
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$1.649 trillion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$1.602 trillion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$1.598 trillion (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2024
2.9% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
0.2% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022
5.3% (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024
$45,100 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$43,700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022
$43,400 (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$914.696 billion (2024 est.)
Note
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
3.8% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
11.5% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
14.4% (2022 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture
2.6% (2024 est.)
Industry
26.4% (2024 est.)
Services
59.9% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
Household consumption
57.6% (2024 est.)
Government consumption
20.8% (2024 est.)
Investment in fixed capital
16.9% (2024 est.)
Investment in inventories
0.8% (2024 est.)
Exports of goods and services
52.3% (2024 est.)
Imports of goods and services
-48.3% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
sugar beets, milk, wheat, maize, potatoes, triticale, apples, rapeseed, barley, rye (2023)
Note
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles
Industrial production growth rate
-0.6% (2023 est.)
Note
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
18.245 million (2024 est.)
Note
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2024
2.5% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
2.8% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022
2.9% (2022 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
Total
9.9% (2024 est.)
Male
10.1% (2024 est.)
Female
9.6% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line
12.2% (2023 est.)
Note
note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
28.9 (2022 est.)
Average household expenditures
On food
18.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
On alcohol and tobacco
6.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10%
3.3% (2022 est.)
Highest 10%
23.1% (2022 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2024
0.9% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023
1.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022
1.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Budget
Revenues
$291.603 billion (2023 est.)
Expenditures
$328.497 billion (2023 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2017
50.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
18% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Note
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024
$1.789 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023
$14.535 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022
-$15.822 billion (2022 est.)
Exports
Exports 2024
$478.579 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023
$471.571 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022
$436.388 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - partners
Germany 25%, UK 6%, Czechia 6%, France 6%, Italy 5% (2023)
Note
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, plastic products, cars, seats (2023)
Note
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024
$441.945 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023
$423.797 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022
$421.765 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - partners
Germany 22%, China 12%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 4%, USA 4% (2023)
Note
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023)
Note
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$223.115 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$193.783 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$166.664 billion (2022 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
zlotych (PLN) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024
3.981 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
4.204 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
4.458 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
3.862 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020
3.9 (2020 est.)