Country Details
Ukraine
Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Belarus, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east
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Environment
Detailed information and insights
Environmental issues
air and water pollution; land degradation; solid waste management; biodiversity loss; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 nuclear accident in Chornobyl'
International environmental agreements
Party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
Signed, but not ratified
Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Climate
temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; warm summers across the greater part of the country, hot in the south
Land use
Agricultural land
71.3% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 56.8% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.5% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 13% (2023 est.)
Forest
17.3% (2023 est.)
Other
10.4% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Urban population
70.1% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization
-0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
Total emissions
106.847 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke
45.512 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids
24.488 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From consumed natural gas
36.847 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
15.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Methane emissions
Energy
1,003.4 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Agriculture
341.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste
409.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Other
70.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
Municipal solid waste generated annually
15.242 million tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled
4.5% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
Municipal
1.66 billion cubic meters (2022)
Industrial
2.188 billion cubic meters (2022)
Agricultural
1.031 billion cubic meters (2022)
Total renewable water resources
175.28 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)