Country Details
Thailand
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma
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Environment
Detailed information and insights
Environmental issues
air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; water scarcity; deforestation; soil erosion; illegal hunting; hazardous waste disposal
International environmental agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
Signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Climate
tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid
Land use
Agricultural land
43.8% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 31% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 11.2% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 1.6% (2023 est.)
Forest
39% (2023 est.)
Other
17.2% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Urban population
53.6% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization
1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
Total emissions
336.693 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke
79.928 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids
160.931 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From consumed natural gas
95.834 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
26.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Methane emissions
Energy
708.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Agriculture
2,109.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste
635.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Other
57.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
Municipal solid waste generated annually
26.853 million tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled
40% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
Municipal
2.739 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Industrial
2.777 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Agricultural
51.79 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
438.61 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Geoparks
Total global geoparks and regional networks
2
Global geoparks and regional networks
Khorat; Satun (2023)