Country Details
Thailand
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma
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People and Society
Detailed information and insights
Population
Total
70,025,248 (2025 est.)
Male
34,101,016
Female
35,924,232
Nationality
Noun
Thai (singular and plural)
Adjective
Thai
Ethnic groups
Thai 97.5%, Burmese 1.3%, other 1.1%, unspecified <0.1% (2015 est.)
Note
note: data represent population by nationality
Languages
Languages
Thai (official) only 90.7%, Thai and other languages 6.4%, only other languages 2.9% (includes Malay, Burmese); English is a secondary language among the elite (2010 est.)
Major-language sample(s)
สารานุกรมโลก - แหล่งข้อมูลพื้นฐานที่สำคัญ (Thai)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Buddhist 92.5%, Muslim 5.4%, Christian 1.2%, other 0.9% (includes animist, Confucian, Hindu, Jewish, Sikh, and Taoist) (2021 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
15.8% (male 5,669,592/female 5,394,398)
15-64 years
69% (male 23,681,528/female 24,597,535)
65 years and over
15.1% (2024 est.) (male 4,714,191/female 5,863,754)
Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio
45.9 (2025 est.)
Youth dependency ratio
22.9 (2025 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio
23.1 (2025 est.)
Potential support ratio
4.3 (2025 est.)
Median age
Total
41.9 years (2025 est.)
Male
40.2 years
Female
42.7 years
Population growth rate
0.13% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
9.82 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
8.08 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
highest population density is found in and around Bangkok; significant population clusters throughout large parts of the country, particularly north and northeast of Bangkok and in the extreme southern region of the country
Urbanization
Urban population
53.6% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization
1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
11.070 million BANGKOK (capital), 1.454 Chon Buri, 1.359 million Samut Prakan, 1.213 million Chiang Mai, 1.005 million Songkla, 1.001 million Nothaburi (2023)
Sex ratio
At birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over
0.8 male(s)/female
Total population
0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
23.3 years (2009 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
34 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate
Total
6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Male
6.9 deaths/1,000 live births
Female
5.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
Total population
78.2 years (2024 est.)
Male
75.2 years
Female
81.3 years
Total fertility rate
1.55 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.75 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
Improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.2% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
16.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.54 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Hospital bed density
2.3 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Sanitation facility access
Improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
10% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
Total
6.86 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Beer
1.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine
0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits
4.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
Total
18.1% (2025 est.)
Male
36.1% (2025 est.)
Female
1.6% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
6.7% (2022 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
52.4% (2022 est.)
Child marriage
Women married by age 15
5.5% (2022)
Women married by age 18
17% (2022)
Men married by age 18
5.8% (2022)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
2.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
12.6% national budget (2025 est.)
Literacy
Total population
91.1% (2022 est.)
Male
90.7% (2022 est.)
Female
91.5% (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Total
16 years (2023 est.)
Male
16 years (2023 est.)
Female
16 years (2023 est.)