Country Details
Estonia
Europe between the North Atlantic Ocean in the west and Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine to the east
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Environment
Detailed information and insights
Environmental issues
various forms of air, soil, and water pollution; see individual country entries
International environmental agreements
Party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 2006
Signed, but not ratified
Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Climate
cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south
Carbon dioxide emissions
Total emissions
2.651 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke
518.857 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids
1.489 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From consumed natural gas
643.8 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Total renewable water resources
1.7 trillion cubic meters (2019)