Country Details
Estonia
Europe between the North Atlantic Ocean in the west and Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine to the east
Explore Information
Choose a category to dive deeper
Geography
Detailed information and insights
Location
Europe between the North Atlantic Ocean in the west and Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine to the east
Map references
Europe
Area
Total
4,236,351 sq km
Area - comparative
less than one-half the size of the United States
Land boundaries
Total
13,770 km
Border countries
Albania 212 km; Andorra 118 km; Belarus 1,176 km; Bosnia and Herzegovina 956 km; Holy See 3 km; Liechtenstein 34 km; North Macedonia 396 km; Moldova 683 km; Monaco 6 km; Montenegro 19 km; Norway 2,375 km; Russia 2,435 km; San Marino 37 km; Serbia 1,353 km; Switzerland 1,729 km; Turkey 415 km; United Kingdom 499 km; Ukraine 1,324 km
Coastline
53,563.9 km
Climate
cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south
Terrain
fairly flat along Baltic and Atlantic coasts; mountainous in the central and southern areas
Elevation
Highest point
Mont Blanc, France 4,810 m
Lowest point
Zuidplaspolder, Netherlands -7 m
Natural resources
iron ore, natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, uranium, potash, salt, hydropower, arable land, timber, fish
Irrigated land
154,539.82 sq km (2011 est.)
Population distribution
population distribution varies considerably from country to country but tends to follow a pattern of coastal and river settlement, with urban agglomerations forming large hubs; the area in and around the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg (known collectively as Benelux), is the most densely populated area in the EU
Natural hazards
flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic Sea region